Soma Carisoprodol

What is Soma and What is it Indicated For?

Carisoprodol, marketed in the US under the brand name Soma, and in the United Kingdom and other countries under the brand names Sanoma and Carisoma, is a centrally-acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose active metabolite is meprobamate. Carisoprodol is a colorless, crystalline powder, having a mild, characteristic odor and a bitter taste. It is slightly soluble in water and freely soluble in alcohol, chloroform and acetone. Its solubility is practically independent of pH.

How Effective is Soma in the Relief of Pain?

Soma is especially useful against various types of pain (whether or not related to muscle spasm) because of its analgesic-sparing (potentiating) effect on opioid analgesics.

How is Soma Available on the Market?

Carisoprodol is available by itself or mixed with aspirin and in one preparation (Soma Compound with Codeine) along with codeine and caffeine as well.

What are the Pharmacokinetics of Soma?

Carisoprodol has a rapid, 30 minute onset of action, with the aforementioned effects lasting for approximately 2–6 hours. It is metabolized in the liver via the cytochrome P450 oxidase isozyme CYP2C19, excreted by the kidneys and has an approximate 8 hour half-life. A considerable proportion of carisoprodol is metabolized to meprobamate, which is a known drug of abuse and dependence. This could account for the abuse potential of carisoprodol.

What is the Chemical Makeup of Carisoprodol?

Carisoprodol is a carbamic acid ester that is a racemic mixture of two stereoisomers.

What are the Effects after Taking Soma?

Patients who take Soma report a significant analgesic effect and relief from hypertonia following the administration of Soma.

What is the History Behind the Development of Soma?

On June 1, 1959 several American pharmacologists convened at Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan to discuss a new drug. The drug, originally thought to have antiseptic properties, was found to have central muscle relaxing properties. It had been developed by Dr. Frank M. Berger at Wallace laboratories and had been named carisoprodol, and marketed under the brand name Soma in the US.

Carisoprodol was developed on the basis of meprobamate, in the hope that it would have better muscle relaxing properties, less potential for abuse, and less risk of overdose than meprobamate. The substitution of one hydrogen atom with an isopropyl group on one of the carbamyl nitrogens was intended to yield a molecule with new pharmacological properties.

How Did The Brand Name Soma Come About?

The brand name Soma is shared with the Soma/Haoma of ancient India, a drug mentioned in ancient Sanskrit writings which various classical and modern researchers have theorized could be anything from ephedra to mushrooms of the genus Amanita with hallucinogenic and psychedelic properties related to the muscarinic drugs contained therein to various anticholinergic plants to opium -- or a still unknown hallucinogen, stimulant and/or narcotic of unknown chemical class and origin or even coca or other drugs ported from the Western Hemisphere by an as yet unknown pre-Viking, pre-Columbian contact. Soma is also the name of the fictional drug featured in Aldous Huxley's Brave New World.

Is There Any Abuse or Dependence Potential with Soma?

Although several case reports have shown that Soma has abuse potential both by itself and as a potentiator of hydrocodone, dihydrocodeine, codeine and similar drugs, it continues to be widely prescribed in North America. In Europe, doctors favor cyclobenzaprine due to its lower abuse factor. In the United Kingdom, benzodiazepines are preferred instead.

As of November 2007 carisoprodol (Somadril, Somadril comp.) has been taken off the market in Sweden due to problems with dependence, abuse and side effects. The agency overseeing pharmaceuticals has considered other drugs used with the same indications as carisoprodol to have the same or better effects without the risks of the drug. In the EU, the European Medicines Agency has issued a release recommending that member states suspend marketing authorization for this product.

Meprobamate and other muscle relaxing drugs often were subjects of misuse and abuse in the 1950s and 1960s. Overdose cases were reported as early as 1957 and have been reported on several occasions since then.

Carisoprodol, meprobamate, and related drugs such as tybamate have the potential to produce physical dependence with prolonged use and this group of sedatives has a spectacular withdrawal syndrome with death as a potential endpoint; therefore withdrawal of the drug after extensive use should be supervised in hospital in the fashion appropriate with the barbiturates, glutethimide and other such agents.

What is the Legal Status of Soma in the United States?

As of March 2009, carisoprodol is considered to be a schedule class IV by the states of Florida, Arizona, Idaho, Minnesota, Texas, and Washington State. Beginning in July 2002, Florida led the state movement to schedule Soma when a state bill was passed due to an understanding within state drug enforcement circles that the drug was becoming more widely abused. Possession of the drug without a valid prescription in the state of Florida is now a third degree felony. The rest of the United States, excluding the above named states, falls under the Drug Enforcement Agency scheduling for the drug, which considers carisoprodol a non-scheduled chemical, meaning that carisoprodol is considered a general prescription medication by the federal government, with oversight provided solely by the Food and Drug Administration

What are the Effects after Taking Soma?

Patients who take Soma report a significant analgesic effect and relief from hypertonia following the administration of Soma.

What Are the Common Side Effects of Soma?

Carisoprodol seems to be more effective as a muscle relaxant than meprobamate, known by its brand name of Miltown, but it also has the side effects which is a related non-barbiturate and non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic which has been largely replaced by carisoprodol. Both carisoprodol and meprobamate can produce a glutethimide-like euphoria in certain dose ranges; a euphoriant dose of either drug will also rapidly produce somnolence and the patient can be in a deep sleep shortly after euphoria, anxiolysis, ataxia and other side effects can manifest. However, the usual dose of 350 mg is unlikely to engender prominent side effects. At higher doses, in some patients, and/or early in therapy, carisoprodol can have the full spectrum of sedative-hypnotic side effects (and often to an extent to which the patient may not be fully aware) and can dangerously impair the patient's ability to operate a firearm, automobile, motorcycle, and other machinery of various types; slurred speech is also a side effect which manifests rather rapidly. The intensity of the side effects of carisoprodol tends to lessen and/or become very predictable as therapy continues, as is the case with many other drugs.

How Does Soma Interact with Other Medications?

The interaction of carisoprodol with opioids, essentially all opioids and other centrally-acting analgesics, but especially those of the codeine-derived subgroup of the semi-synthetic class (codeine, ethylmorphine, dihydrocodeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, nicocodeine, benzylmorphine, the various acetylated codeine derivatives including thebacon and acetyldihydrocodeine, dihydroisocodeine, nicodicodeine and others) which allows the use of a smaller dose of the opioid to have a given effect, is useful in general and especially where injury and/or muscle spasm is a large part of the problem. The potentiation effect is also useful in other pain situations and is also especially useful with opioids of the open-chain class such as methadone, levomethadone, ketobemidone, phenadoxone and others.

The use of methadone with carisoprodol and an NSAID such as diclofenac where indicated is a treatment for chronic low back pain which is gaining in popularity in the United States and other countries. After significant somnolence in some patients in the first few days of this protocol for pain control, patients are able to regain overall function very well in a lot of cases and the interaction of carisoprodol and methadone with the NMDA system in the central nervous system may be part of the excellent pain relief and attenuation of some opioid side effects usually obtained by using this protocol. In European countries, ketobemidone is a good and even superior replacement for the methadone.

The potentiation effect is also something noted by recreational drugs users, and is accompanied by an economy of scale increase of the euphoria and deaths have resulted from carelessly combining overdoses of hydrocodone and carisoprodol.